Since its invention in the 1970s, computed tomography technology―commonly known as CT or CAT (computed axial tomography) scanning―has revolutionized the way doctors find and diagnose problems inside the body.
Today's CT scanners enable doctors to view the internal structures of patients' bodies by taking very thin (fractions of a millimeter thick) x-ray slices across the head or body. The cross-sectional images provide a greater contrast and better view of internal organs and soft tissues such as the heart, lungs, arteries, and brain, so abnormalities can be more easily detected and diagnosed.
X-rays were discovered in 1895, and for the next several decades, scientists worked to develop ways to produce clearer images. In 1914, the Polish doctor Carol Mayer was able to capture a reasonable image of the heart by blurring out the shadows of the ribs and leaving one remaining plane, or slice, of the heart. This technique soon became known as tomography―tomo being Greek for "section" or "cut"―and primitive tomography machines were developed over the next few decades. The Tufts University professor Allan Cormack (1924-1998 ) was the first to combine computers and x-ray tomography, which he used to construct three-dimensional images of mannequins in 1963. Like his predecessors, however, he was unable to drum up funding or support from the medical community.
엑스레이는 1895 년에 발견되었으며, 앞으로 수십 년 동안 과학자들은보다 선명한 이미지를 만드는 방법을 개발하기 위해 노력했습니다. 1914 년, 폴란드 의사 캐롤 메이어 (Carol Mayer)는 갈비뼈의 그림자를 흐리게하고 나머지 하나의 평면 또는 슬라이스를 남겨 두어 심장의 합리적인 이미지를 포착 할 수있었습니다. 이 기술은 곧 단층 촬영 ( "단면"또는 "절단"의 그리스어)으로 알려졌으며, 향후 수십 년 동안 원시 단층 촬영기가 개발되었습니다. Tufts University의 Allan Cormack (1924-1998) 교수는 컴퓨터와 x- 레이 단층 촬영을 처음으로 결합하여 1963 년에 마네킹의 3 차원 이미지를 구성하는 데 사용했습니다. 또는 의료계의 지원
It wasn't until 1971 that a successful CT scanner was put into use, by London-based Electrical and Musical Industries (EMI) Limited. The EMI scientist Godfrey Hounsfield (1919-2004) performed the first head-only scan―a 15-hour process―on a woman suspected of having a brain tumor. The scanner recorded more than 28,000 readings on magnetic tape, which was sent to a computer across town to be processed. The computer produced a cross-sectional image of the brain, revealing a tumor in the patient's left frontal lobe.
1971 년이되어 런던 기반의 EMI (Electrical and Musical Industries) Limited가 CT 스캐너를 성공적으로 사용하기 시작했습니다. EMI 과학자 인 Godfrey Hounsfield (1919-2004)는 뇌종양이 의심되는 여성에 대해 최초의 헤드 만 스캔 (15 시간 과정)을 수행했습니다. 이 스캐너는 자기 테이프에 28,000 개 이상의 판독 값을 기록했으며,이를 처리하기 위해 도시 전역의 컴퓨터로 보냈습니다. 컴퓨터는 뇌의 단면 이미지를 생성하여 환자의 왼쪽 전두엽의 종양을 나타냅니다
After the EMI scanner went into production, improvements came rapidly. Newer machines were developed to scan the entire body, and slices got thinner and more accurate while scans got quicker. Spiral CTs, widely used today, rotate the patient at the same time as the x-ray beams, reducing radiation exposure and speeding up the process.
It's been suggested that the invention of computed tomography was made possible by the success of the British rock band the Beatles. EMI was the Beatles' record label, and the company made so much money from their album sales that it was able to donate laboratory space and funding to CT research.
Cormack and Hounsfield won a Nobel Prize in 1979 for their work in developing CT scans.
Cormack과 Hounsfield는 1979 년 CT 스캔 개발 작업으로 노벨상을 수상했습니다
The number of CT scans performed in the United States tripled between 1995 and 2007, and some researchers fear they are ordered too frequently. In 2009, the American Heart Association urged limits on the use of cardiac CT scans because of cancer risk.
1995 년에서 2007 년 사이에 미국에서 수행 된 CT 스캔의 수는 3 배로 증가했으며 일부 연구자들은 너무 자주 주문하는 것을 두려워합니다. 2009 년에 미국 심장 협회 (American Heart Association)는 암 위험으로 인해 심장 CT 스캔 사용에 대한 제한을 촉구했습니다.
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