Vegetarianism (채식주의)

Analyses of global food trends have founded that the Western diet, popular in the United States, focuses heavily on meat ― too heavily, as far as many nutritionists and health experts are concerned. However, many people in the United States and all over the world make the choice to be vegetarians: people who follow a diet of mainly plant-based foods and don't eat meat, fish, or poultry.

 

채식주의자들은 여러개의 카테고리로 나누어진다. Ovo-vegetarian 들은 유제품과 계란등을 먹고, lacto-vegetarian 들은 그들의 식단에 계란은 없으나 유제품은 있다. Vegan 들은 동물성 식품들은 전혀 없고, 오직 식물 유래 음식들만 소비한다. 많은 사람들은 자신들을 semivegetarian , 혹은 " flexitarians", 라고 생각하는데, 이 뜻은 그들이 생선 혹은 가금류는 먹고 있거나 혹은 가끔씩 붉은 고기도 먹는다는 뜻이다.

 

Throughout history, a number of religions ― including Brahmanism, Buddhism, and the Seventh-Day Adventist Church ― have advocated vegetarianism, mainly to prevent the killing or cruel treatment of animals. Vegetarianism has been shown to reduce carbon emissions and be better for the environment, and it is also more economical, as meat is more expensive than plant-based foods in most places.

 

채식주의 식단들은 높은 섬유소와 적은 지방의 경향이 있으므로 본질적으로 건강한 식단이다. 그러나 채식주의 식단이 조심스럽게 계획되지 않는다면, 이는 주로 동물들로부터 나오는 단백질,비타민 B12, 비타민 D, 칼슘, 철분, 아연 등이 부족해질 수 있다. 그러므로 식단에 이러한 영양소들이 있는 다른 재료들이 포함되는게 중요하다. 계란, 우유, 견과류, 두부와 다른 콩제품을 쓴 식품들 과 비타민 보충제들이 인기있는 선택이다.

 

Health benefits linked to vegetarianism include reduced risks of heart disease, osteoporosis, and cancer, as well as a longer life expectancy. German research published in 2005 found that for every 100 deaths in the general population, there were just 59 deaths in a study group consisting of nearly 2,000 vegetarians and flexitarians. However, giving up animal products entirely does not seem to be the healthiest approach: For every 100 deaths among vegans, there were just 66 among vegetarians and 60 among occasional meat eaters.

 

 

Vegetarians can be at increased risk for gum disease from a lack of vitamin D and calcium. The Academy of General Dentistry suggests that vegetarians discuss food substitutions and vitamin supplementation with their dentist or a nutritionist.

 

According to the Oxford Englsih Dictionary, the word vegetarian debuted in 1839 and was popularized in 1847 after the founding of a group called the Vegetarian Society.

 

In their writings, the early philosophers Plutarch (c. AD 46 - c. AD 119), Ovid (43 BC - c. AD 17), and Seneca (c. 4 BC - AD 65) expressed their opposition to eating meat (or "dead carcass", as Plutarch put it). Other famous vegetarians include Plato (c. 428 - c. 348 BC), Pythagoras (c.580 - c. 500 BC), and Socrates (c. 470 - 399 BC)